Hello, this a two part assignment answer the questions I have listed below but please read the instructions below .. no plagiarism, I will check before I submit the work.. also please put down the page number you find your information for each question please from the etextbook.. I will give that info for the etextbook to whom i trust to do the assignment
HIST-2321.WS1: World Civilizations I
- 1. What and How You Need to Answer: Be certain to answer only questions that have NOT already been answered by another student. Most questions require a minimum of explanation and detail in the 200-350 word range, and would benefit from detail and development to improve the value of this “online study guide.” Remember you need to only respond to a TOTAL of FOUR Collaboration questions for UNIT 1 (not 4 per chapter)
Chapter 02
21. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of the Mycenaeans? Explain, with examples.
22. What were the characteristics and accomplishments of the early Greeks? Explain, with examples.
23. What was the nature and importance of polytheism in the neolithic era? Explain, with examples.
2. unit 1 Essay topics
Read below the instructions and the chapter 5 Research topics -Americas and Oceania (the chapter 5 research topics- Americas and Oceania is below so please read it)
UN01 Essay Topics
As described in the syllabus, there are several possible approaches for essays. Below are outlines for each approach for any chapter, drawing upon material was freely taken from the publisher website.
GOALS:
1. Write an essay of more than 1100 words
2. In your own words – if you must quote, count the cut-n-pasted word count of the quote AND ADD IT
TO THE 1100 word minimum requirement. 350 words in quotes means the essay should total
MORE than 1450 words.
3. Adhere to rules of English grammar, spelling and punctuation
4. Keep the phrasing in the THIRD PERSON and the tense in the past.
(“One may conclude” not “I believe”, and “They WERE” not “They ARE”
APPROACH 1: The first possible approach would see you answer one or more of the questions immediately following the document or document fragment in the attached pdfs, below. Answer the question(s) by reading the document(s). You are to answer the question, with reference to the chosen document and the textbook in the form of an essay to be submitted via Canvas Turnitin button at the bottom of this page.
APPROACH 2: The second possible approach takes you to a list of three to five documents, as above. Choose one, and then answer the following QUESTIONS) You should present the answers IN THE FORM OF AN ESSAY and submit it via the button below With either approach, these document-based essays should provide a clearly articulated thesis, supported by relevant detail (names, dates, places, examples, etc.)
Americas & Oceania Chapter 5 Research topic
A
s the title of this chapter indicates, the story of the Americas and Oceania (also known as Polynesia or the
Pacifi c Islands) are the story of people who are “apart.” Traditionally these cultures have been viewed by his-
torians as “apart” from the larger, dominant narrative of Eurasia, both geographically and developmentally. Th
is
view uses the patt ern of development in Eurasia as a standard, or mode
l, against which other cultures are assessed.
Far too oft
en that assessment has meant judgment. It is now clear that although the Americas and Oceania were
separated from Eurasia geographically (Oceania less so), they followed the same basic patt
erns of development,
from foraging to sett
led agriculture to increasingly complex social structures and methods for organizing popula-
tions. In the Americas this latt
er patt
ern was made manifest in the city, typical of the Eurasian model. It this sense,
the Americas and Oceania are not “apart” at all, but further examples of the patt
erns exhibited elsewhere.
It is also clear that in the Americas and Oceania there are deviations from those same patt
erns, such as the lack
of cities in Oceania (in spite of population sizes that w
ould have supported urban centers), the lack of writing in
most of the Americas and all of Ocean
ia, and a few technological diff
erences (the lack of the wheel limited or no
metallurgy). However, even in this there is not a
complete “apartness,” for although the Americas and Oceania
developed diff
erently from Eurasia, they developed a patt
ern of their own and were very much connected to one
another. Furthermore, the islands of Oceania were very
much connected to Eurasia, as that was the point of origin
for the original sett
lers.Finally, one must acknowledge how very
connected these societies were to one another,
through trade in material goods as well as migration of people
. Historians are still trying to understand how these
societies connect; the lack of writt
en evidence has led many historians down paths of speculative dead-ends, as is
refl ected in the excerpt in this chapter from Th
or Heyerdahl, who had a controversial theory about how Oceania
might have connected to the Americas. It is important
to observe the process by which the theories of history
change with new evidence or new interpretations of old evidence.
Th is chapter introduces the mixed patt
erns of the Americas and Oceania: the patt
erns that are typical of all
societies and the patt
erns that are unique to their regions. It also explores the diversity with which those patt
erns
have materialized, from the large elevated monuments of the Americas to the rich oral tales in the Pacifi c Islands.
Th e sources in this chapter explore that mixed patt
ern and refl ect both the “apartness” of the Americas and Oceania
and the connectedness of these cultures as well. A prominent
historian’s description of a large urban center in Me-
soamerica is followed by a selection of primary sources from a variety of American and Polynesian cultures. Some
of the stories are foundation stories, such as how the fi rst people came to discover and sett
le New Zealand. Other
sources reveal the astounding ability of early Polynesians to sail across vast stretches of the Pacifi c Ocean without
the assistance of any modern navigational technology
. A common theme that is found in many of the sources
involves how humans have adapted to, and interacted with, their environments. Several of these are modern retell-
ings of tales that were only available orally for c
enturies; that fact alone indicates something of the diffi
culty in
studying a society that was complex but non-literate.
5.1 The Wealth of La Venta
Th is source is obviously not a primary source; it is an a
ccount by one of the foremost arch
aeologists and historians
of pre-Columbian Mesoamerica of the wealth of La Venta. La Venta was the secondOlmec urban center. Founded
c. 900 B.C.E., when the fi rst city of San Lorenzo was
abandoned for reasons that are not yet understood, La Ven-
taitself collapsed c. 600 B.C.E. for equally mysterious reasons.
Origins Apart: The
Americas and Oceania
Chapter
5
64
Chapter 5
Although evidence of Olmec writing was very recently disc
overed, it has not yet been translated and therefore
we must for the moment treat the Olmec as a non-literate society. Coe’s description of the physical remains of
La Venta gives us a glimpse of what was there as well as what is still there. Th
is source should give you some idea
of both the historical Olmec and the dilemmas faced by historians who are trying to re-create the history of non-
literate societies. Coe emphasizes that the Olmec were wealthy and had a mature culture (as one would expect
from a second city).
Source:
“Wealth of La Venta,” from
America’s First Civilization,
Michael Coe. (New York: American Heritage Publishing Co., Inc.,
1968), pp. 63-70.
La Venta’s greatest wealth and power were reached during its two fi nal building phases. According to the most
recent radiocarbon dates, this would have been after 800 B.C., but before its fi nal abandonment, perhaps
around 400 B.C. To this stage in the history of La Venta belong some of the fi nest offerings and burials ever
found in the New World. Many of these are either placed exactly on the center line running through the site,
or in relation to it, and the offerings themselves are often laid out so that their own long axis conforms with this
center line orientation.
One of the very richest such deposits was Offering No. 2, found in 1955, which has no fewer than fi fty-one
polished celts, mostly of jade or serpentine. Five of them are fi nely engraved with typically Olmec designs. Once
more, we are reminded of the incredible waste that the burial of these laboriously manufactured articles must
represent. Why did they do it? For the gods? or, more prosaically, as a display of the wealth that the Olmec lead-
ers possessed?
